Nestled in the heart of the Wicklow Mountains, Glendalough is one of Ireland’s most iconic historical and natural sites. Renowned for its breathtaking scenery and rich cultural heritage, this glacial valley is steeped in history dating back to the early medieval period. Its monastic remains, coupled with tales of saints, scholars, and invaders, tell the story of an enduring spiritual and cultural legacy.
The Founding of Glendalough
Glendalough, meaning “Valley of the Two Lakes” in Irish (Gleann Dá Loch), was founded in the 6th century by St. Kevin, a hermit monk who sought solitude in its serene landscape. According to tradition, St. Kevin withdrew to a cave overlooking the Upper Lake, now known as St. Kevin’s Bed, where he lived an ascetic life devoted to prayer and contemplation.
Over time, his reputation for holiness attracted disciples, and a monastic settlement began to grow. Glendalough became a centre for learning, spirituality, and craftsmanship, drawing pilgrims and scholars from across Ireland and beyond.
The Monastic City
By the 9th century, Glendalough had developed into a “Monastic City,” a thriving religious community with churches, a round tower, and other structures. Key highlights of the settlement include:
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- The Round Tower: Standing approximately 30 metres tall, this iconic structure served as a bell tower, a lookout, and a refuge during Viking raids. Its impressive construction showcases the architectural skills of early Irish monks.
- St. Kevin’s Church: Often called St. Kevin’s Kitchen due to its chimney-like appearance, this stone church is one of the best-preserved buildings on the site.
- The Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul: The largest of the churches, this structure reveals the spiritual significance and growth of the settlement over time.
- The Gateway: The only surviving example of its kind in Ireland, the double-arched gateway was the main entrance to the Monastic City.
Viking Raids and Decline
Like many early Irish monasteries, Glendalough faced repeated attacks by Viking raiders during the 9th and 10th centuries. Despite this, the settlement remained resilient and continued to thrive as a religious centre.
However, the monastery’s prominence began to wane after the 12th century. The Synod of Rathbreasail in 1111 established diocesan boundaries, and Glendalough was absorbed into the Diocese of Dublin in 1214, diminishing its independent status. Over time, the site fell into decline, leaving behind the hauntingly beautiful ruins seen today.
Rediscovery and Modern Significance
Glendalough was rediscovered as a place of historical and cultural importance during the 19th century, coinciding with a broader revival of interest in Ireland’s ancient heritage. Today, it is managed by the Office of Public Works (OPW) and attracts thousands of visitors annually.
The site holds immense appeal for pilgrims, history enthusiasts, and nature lovers. Its proximity to the Wicklow Way and its picturesque lakes and trails makes it a popular destination for hiking and outdoor exploration. The spiritual resonance of St. Kevin’s legacy continues to draw pilgrims and seekers to this day.
Glendalough remains a testament to Ireland’s early Christian heritage and its enduring connection to the natural world. The site’s evocative ruins and serene landscapes offer a glimpse into a bygone era when monastic life flourished amidst the rugged beauty of the Wicklow Mountains. Whether visited for its historical significance, spiritual ambience, or natural splendour, Glendalough stands as a jewel in Ireland’s cultural crown.
Book a Daytrip to Glendalough
Discover the beautiful Glendalough valley and walk the twin lakes in Irelands largest national park. Enjoy a 30 minute guided walking tour in the ruins of St Kevin’s Monastery and see the spectacular 11th century granite round tower. You can also visit Kilkenny City originating back to the 6th century monastery built in honour of St Canice and capital of Confederate Ireland 1642-1649 on this popular day trip from Dublin.